PERSONALITY DISORDERS

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) groups personality disorders into 3 basic clusters. Within each cluster there are specific diagnoses which are given when the patient exhibits two or more behaviors and/or thought patterns.

· Paranoid – afraid of others, including family and friends. These individuals may feel very guarded and look for evidence to validate their fears.

· Schizoid – extremely introverted and focused on an inner fantasy life to the exclusion of all else, including relationships; indifferent to social norms.

· Schizotypal – eccentricities in appearance, behaviors and speech. May include magical thinking, and delusions similar to schizophrenia. These individuals may also avoid interacting with others.

· Antisocial – Can appear charming, yet lack in concern for others; no guilt or remorse; aggressive and impulsive. No regard for rules or social norms. May be habitual criminals with frequent incarceration.

· Borderline – Lacking a healthy sense of self which leads to instability in relationships; erratic behavior; anger directed to self and others; self-harm; attempts and threats of suicide.

· Histrionic – Lacking a sense of self-worth and therefore needing to derive worth from others. May be seductive or dramatic, in order to attract attention or to be the center of attention.

· Narcissistic – A sense of self-importance and entitlement; decreased empathy for others; potentially manipulative.

· Avoidant – Low self-esteem and fear of rejection. People with this disorder may isolate and turn down jobs due to fears of being rejected or judged.

· Dependent – A need to be cared for by another which is marked by deferential  behavior and difficulty making decisions. Will go to great lengths to avoid losing the help and support of a caregiver, even agreeing to do things that are perceived as wrong.

· Obsessive-compulsive – Focused on perfection, control and rules. Such individuals may be inflexible and struggle with change. This inflexibility may extend to work and relationships.

The above characteristics of personality disorders are partial lists and do not fully describe the diagnostic criteria.

Those who suffer from a personality disorder struggle with rigid behavioral patterns which impair their ability to relate to others and adapt to change.  As a result, a personality disorder can greatly hinder a person’s ability to lead a full life and reach their potential. If you suspect that you or somebody close to you suffers from a personality disorder, professional treatment is available and helpful.